زنان در جدال گفتمان‌ها در مجموعه رمان مادران و دختران

نویسندگان
قدسیه رضوانیان
منا طالشی
رضا ستاری
فرزاد بالو
دانشگاه مازندران
چکیده


رمان مادران و دختران، اثر مهشید امیرشاهی، سبک زندگی چهار نسل از زنان را در بستر گفتمان‌های رایج تاریخ معاصر ایران روایت می‌کند. این پژوهش به روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، با تلفیقی از نظریه سرمایه فرهنگی و نظم جنسیتی پیر بوردیو، وضعیت زیستی و فکری زنان را در این رمان چهار جلدی بررسی می‌کند. از منظر نظریه پیر بوردیو، سرمایه فرهنگی شامل دانش، مهارت‌ها و توانمندی‌های فرهنگی است که امکان کنشگری و حضور فعال را برای زنان فراهم می‌کند، اما نظم جنسیتی ساختاری اجتماعی و فرهنگی است که نابرابری و سلطه مردسالارانه را بازتولید می‌کند و جایگاه زنان را به صورت ابژه‌وار و تابع تثبیت می‌کند. در رمان، دو جلد اول نشان‌دهنده پذیرش نظم جنسیتی و سرمایه فرهنگی محدود زنان است، در حالی که در دو جلد بعدی، شخصیت‌هایی مثل مهراولیا و شهربانو با سرمایه فرهنگی بیشتری توانسته اند سوژگی سیاسی و اجتماعی خود را افزایش داده و نقدی بر ایدئولوژی‌ها و تجدد ارائه دهند. رمان با اتکا به روایت‌های خاطره‌گویی، کشاکش میان فاعلیت و انفعال زنان را بازنمایی می‌کند و نشان می‌دهد که سوژگی زنانه تحت تأثیر تضاد میان سرمایه فرهنگی محدود و نظم جنسیتی نابرابر شکل می‌گیرد و هم‌زمان امکان مقاومت و تغییر را ایجاد می‌کند. این تحلیل، رمان را به عنوان عرصه تعامل پیچیده‌ای از جنسیت، سیاست، و فرهنگ در تاریخ معاصر ایران معرفی می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رمان مادران و دختران
مهشید امیرشاهی
سرمایه فرهنگی
نظم جنسیتی
سوژه
ابژه

عنوان مقاله English

Women in the Discourses' Struggle in the Novel Madaran va Doxtaran (Mothers and Daughters)

نویسندگان English

Ghodsieh Rezvanian
Mona Taleshi
Reza Sattari
Farzad Baloo
University of Mazandaran
چکیده English

The novel Madaran va Doxtaran (Mothers and Daughters), by Mahshid Amirshahi, narrates the lifestyle of four generations of women in the context of common discourses of contemporary Iranian history. This research, using qualitative content analysis, combines Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and gender order, to examine the living and intellectual status of women in this four-volume novel. From the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory, cultural capital includes knowledge, skills, and cultural capabilities that enable women to be active and present, but gender order is a social and cultural structure that reproduces inequality and patriarchal domination and establishes women’s position as objects and subordinates. In the novel, the first two volumes show the acceptance of the gender order and women’s limited cultural capital, while in the next two volumes, characters such as Mehrowlia and Shahrbanoo, with greater cultural capital, have been able to increase their political and social subjectivity and provide a critique of ideologies and modernity. Based on memoir narratives, the novel represents the conflict between women's agency and passivity, and shows that female subjectivity is shaped by the conflict between limited cultural capital and an unequal gender order, while simultaneously creating the possibility of resistance and change. This analysis introduces the novel as an arena of complex interaction of gender, politics, and culture in contemporary Iranian history.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Madaran va Doxtaran Novel
Mahshid Amirshahi
Cultural Capital
Gender Order
Subjectivity
Objectivity
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